With the rapid development of industrial production and science and technology, metal materials have been widely used. This is because the metal materials with excellent mechanical properties (strength, hardness, plasticity), physical properties (electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, magnetic conductivity, etc.) and chemical properties (corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance) and process performance (casting, welding, and heat processing etc.). With the wide application of atomic energy technology, rocket technology, jet technology, aerospace technology, navigation technology, chemical and radio, on the various properties of metal materials is more demanding, often require metal and alloy with high seismic intensity, high temperature and low temperature resistance, thermal shock resistance, elastic modulus with temperature change etc.. These properties are closely related to the microstructure of the materials.
　　
　　Long ago, the intrinsic link between the properties, microstructure and properties of the people using a variety of methods to study the metal and alloy, in order to find a way to ensure the quality of metal and alloy materials and manufacture of new alloys, but only under the microscope after the advent, people have a deep research on the conditions of metal materials. In the hundreds of times or even thousands of times under a microscope, to observe the internal organization of the metal material, metallographic structure, found a close relationship between the macroscopic properties and microstructure of metal form, the metallographic analysis method has become one of the most basic research methods, the most important and the most widely used also. So with metallographic laboratory or metallographic laboratory in any machinery manufacturing, metallurgy enterprises and corresponding research institutions, science and engineering universities, engaged in large, complex by metallographic microscope and fine microstructure research.
　　
　　Metallographic microscope is the eye of industrial production such as metallurgy, mechanical manufacture and traffic transportation. It plays an important role in preventing waste products and improving the quality of products. In industrial production and use it to check the quality of the metal smelting and rolling control, heat treatment process, help improve the heat treatment process, improve the quality of the workpiece, nonmetal inclusions of metal materials, observe the morphology and size of inclusions, distribution and quantity, the optical properties of inclusions are determined, in order to determine the type of inclusions evaluation of materials, the corresponding level of metal parts fracture by using high power microscope, the grain size can be judged according to the shape of the fracture surface, the cause of failure of mechanical analysis, using high temperature microscope can also help people change research organization rules and tracking process, continuous observation of microstructure of metals or alloys in a temperature range in the transformation of. Therefore, metallographic microscope is widely used in steel smelting, boiler manufacturing, mining, machine tool, automobile, shipbuilding, bearings, diesel engines, agricultural machinery and other industrial sectors, as industrial production, optical instruments are widely used in national defence engineering and scientific research work.

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